Testicular cancer may not dominate the headlines the way some other cancers do, but it is the most common cancer in men between the ages of 15 and 35. The good news? It is also one of the most treatable forms of cancer when detected early, with survival rates exceeding 95% for localized disease.
At New Jersey Cancer Care, we believe that awareness and early detection save lives. Here is what every man should know about testicular cancer.
What Is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer develops in the testicles, the male reproductive glands located inside the scrotum. Most cases begin in the germ cells that are responsible for producing sperm. These are called germ cell tumors, and they fall into two broad categories: seminomas, which tend to grow slowly and respond well to radiation, and non-seminomas, which can grow more quickly and may require a combination of treatments.
Though it most often affects younger men, testicular cancer can occur at any age. That’s why it’s important to understand the risk factors and recognize early warning signs that can make a critical difference in outcomes.
Risk Factors for Testicular Cancer
Certain factors can increase a man’s likelihood of developing testicular cancer, including:
- Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism): Men born with a testicle that did not descend into the scrotum are at higher risk, even if the condition was surgically corrected.
- Family history: Having a father or brother with testicular cancer raises your risk.
- Personal history: Men who have had testicular cancer in one testicle are at greater risk of developing it in the other.
- Age: While it can occur at any age, testicular cancer is most prevalent in young men between 15 and 35.
- Race: White men are diagnosed at higher rates than men of other racial backgrounds, though the reasons are not fully understood.
Having one or more of these risk factors does not mean cancer is inevitable, but it does make regular self-exams and open conversations with your doctor more important.
Testicular Cancer: Signs and Symptoms
Testicular cancer often presents as subtle symptoms that are easy to dismiss or overlook. Men should speak with a healthcare provider if they notice any of the following:
- A painless lump or swelling in either testicle
- A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
- A dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin
- A sudden buildup of fluid in the scrotum
- Tenderness or changes in breast tissue (caused by hormones produced by some tumors)
It is important to note that pain is not always present. Many men discover testicular cancer incidentally or after noticing a change in size or texture. Do not wait for pain to prompt a visit to the doctor.
The Importance of Self-Exams
One of the most effective tools in early detection is monthly testicular self-exams.
The best time to perform one is after a warm shower or bath, when the scrotal skin is relaxed. Gently roll each testicle between the thumb and fingers, feeling for any lumps, changes in size, or irregularities. Becoming familiar with what is normal for your body makes it easier to recognize when something has changed.
If you notice anything unusual, schedule an appointment with your doctor promptly. Most lumps are benign, but it is always worth getting checked.
Testicular Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
If your physician suspects testicular cancer, your care team will typically begin with an ultrasound to examine the testicle, followed by blood tests to check for tumor markers. If these tests confirm cancer is detected, the primary treatment is surgical removal of the affected testicle through a procedure called a radical orchiectomy. From there, treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer and may include waiting and watching, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
One of the most encouraging aspects of testicular cancer is that it responds exceptionally to treatment. Even when the disease has spread to lymph nodes or other organs, many men achieve full remission with the right care.
When to See a Specialist
If you have detected a change, received an abnormal test result, or simply want a professional evaluation, our care team at New Jersey Cancer Care is here for you. Our specialists provide compassionate, individualized care, from diagnosis through treatment and beyond.
Early action is your greatest advantage. Do not hesitate to reach out. Contact one of our New Jersey Cancer Care locations today to schedule your appointment.